Which term describes threatening or exclusionary behavior directed at an individual based on race or ethnicity?

• A. Racial profiling
• B. Racial microaggressions
• C. Religion
• D. Racial or ethnic harassment

Answer: (D)

Threatening or exclusionary behavior directed at someone because of their race or ethnicity is racial or ethnic harassment. This captures actions that are unwelcome and aimed at harming, intimidating, or socially isolating a person due to their racial or ethnic background, creating a hostile or humiliating environment. In contrast, racial profiling refers to making decisions about a person based on race, typically by authorities, rather than interpersonal conduct. Racial microaggressions are subtle, often indirect slights that may be insulting or demeaning but are not necessarily overt threats or explicit exclusion. Religion is a different protected characteristic, not the one described in this scenario.